glossary of terms
The glossary of terms in this chapter explains what is commonly used in areas where paint is handled or used. Many of the terms that are currently used are mostly understandable, but some are difficult to distinguish clearly. The purpose of editing this glossary is to eliminate errors by the contradictory interpretation of terms.
A.
- Abrasion resistance
- Abrasion resistance Resistance to friction
- Abrasive Sand grit
- Abrasive A type of abrasive required to carry out substrate treatment with a sand grit-like spraying method
- Absorption
- Absorption Soaking up a material with an object
- Accelerator
- Accelerator A substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction In paint, a substance that promotes curing or crosslinking of resin
- Acrylic resin
- Acrylic resin A synthetic resin made by the polymerization of various acrylic compounds alone or in combination
- Activator
- Activator An accelerator or hardener
- Adduct curing agent
- Adduct curing agent A hardener combined with part of resin
- Adhesion
- Adhesion The degree of close contact between a film and an underlying surface
- Adsorption
- Adsorption The suction power to a surface, the adhesion of other molecules to the surface of an object
- Air cap(or Air nozzle)
- Air cap (or Air nozzle) A hole at the front part of a spray gun to automatically adjust the amount of air
- Airdrying
- Airdrying A method of drying by oxidation or evaporation through exposure to air without heating or using a catalyst
- Air entrapment
- Air entrapment The state in which air bubbles are generated on a paint film
- Airless spraying
- Airless spraying Spray coating that does not use air to spray paint
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic hydrocarbon A solvent with weak solubility extracted from petroleum (compound with a straight chain bond)
- Alkali
- Alkali
- Alkyd resin
- Alkyd resin A resin made by reacting alcohol with acid
- Alligatoring
- Alligatoring A phenomenon in which the appearance of coating becomes wrinkled resembling crocodile skin
- Amine adduct
- Amine adduct Amine curing agent mixed with part of resin
- Aminess
- Aminess An organic compound having a -NH2 group, An organic compound substituted in ammonia
- Anchor pattern
- Anchor pattern The roughness from the side
- Anode
- Anode The positive pole of a battery where an oxidation reaction occurs In a corrosive reaction, the anode is the part that changes into a solution
- Anticorrosive paint or composition
- Anticorrosive paint or Composition A paint to prevent the corrosion of metal
- Aromatic hydrocarbon
- Aromatic hydrocarbon A benzene compound with high solubility such as toluol or xylol
B.
- Barrier coat
- Barrier coat A coating method for separating the coating from the surface to be coated
- Binder
- Binder An agent holding nonvolatile contents and pigments in a sealant contained in paint
- Bituminous coating
- Bituminous coating A paint made by melting coal tar or asphalt
- Blast angle
- Blast angle The angle of a spray tip or the angle of spray particles to a surface
- Blast cleaning
- Blast cleaning A method of cleaning or roughening a surface with compressed air or a mechanical method using steel abrasives
- Bleeding
- Bleeding The color of undercoat smudges when a top coat is applied.
- Blistering
- Blistering A phenomenon in which a coating partially swells up. Such phenomena include liquid vapors, gases, and crystals.
- Blooming
- Blooming A phenomenon in which nail-shaped matte spots appear on a glossy coating, causing it to look discolored. Some spots can be erased when rubbed
- Blushing
- Blushing A phenomenon in which a coating film becomes foggy while drying Loss of gloss due to moisture
- Body
- Body A word indicating apparent viscosity
- Bodying
- Bodying A phenomenon in which the viscosity of paint, varnish, lacquer, etc. increases during storage
- Bonding
- Bonding Adherence
- Bounce back
- Bounce back A phenomenon in which paint splashes from a surface while spraying
- Boxing
- Boxing Mixing by transferring from one container to another container
- Bridging
- Bridging A method of keeping holes or damaged parts on a surface the same as the surface of the substrate by a special method
- Brittleness
- Brittleness The degree of cracking or breaking by bending paint
- Brushability
- Brushability Ease of brushing
- Bubbling
- Bubbling A phenomenon in which bubbles are generated on a coated film surface temporarily or permanently by air or solvent vapor
- Build
- Build Dry film thickness of paint or varnish
- Butadiene
- Butadiene Unsaturated hydrocarbon used as a copolymer in various resins
C.
- Catalyst
- Catalyst An accelerator or hardener
- Cathode Anode
- Cathode The opposite of anode, that is, the electrode of a battery where a reduction reaction occurs
- Cathodic protection
- Cathodic protection An electrical method for preventing corrosion by using cathode and anode compounds in which a corrosion reaction does not occur
- Carboxy group
- Carboxy group Acidic compound having a -COOH group
- Centi poise
- Centi poise Unit of viscosity
- Chalking
- Chalking A phenomenon in which a white, chalky powder is formed on the surface of a coating film
- Checking
- Checking A phenomenon in which the surface of coating film cracks
- Chipping 1)
- Chipping 1) The method of treating a steel surface with a special hammer 2) A type of spoiled paint
- Chlorinated rubber
- Chlorinated rubber Chlorinated polypropylene, chlorinated rubber
- Cissing
- Cissing A kind of defect in which wet coating does not spread well to the surface and agglomerates
- Cleaner 1)
- Cleaner 1) Acid, alkali or other cleaning agent (based on water or steam) 2) Solvents for cleaning coating equipment
- Clean surface
- Clean surface Well-treated surface
- Coal tar
- Coal tar Residue that remains after the distillation of coal
- Cola tar epixy paint
- Coal tar epoxy paint A paint in which a sealant is composed of epoxy resin and coal tar
- Coat
- Coat One coat of paint, vanish, lacquer, etc. The coating specification is usually determined by the frequency of coating
- Cobwebbing
- Cobwebbing A phenomenon in which fine particles do not come out from a nozzle, and paint comes out in a thread shape during coating
- Cohesion
- Cohesion The force of paint particles or vanish film sticking together to a part with a large cohesive force The meaning is different from adhesion
- Cold curing
- Cold curing The process of a curing reaction at room temperature
- Colorfast
- Colorfast Discoloration does not occur
- Color retention
- Color retention The ability to preserve the original color in the process of aging of a coating film
- Compatibility
- Compatibility The degree of mixing with different compounds Compatibility
- Converter
- Converter Catalysts, hardeners, accelerators, namely a substance that changes the condition
- Copolymer
- Copolymer A polymeric material obtained by copolymerizing different monomers
- Corrosion
- Corrosion A phenomenon in which corrosion occurs by oxidation due to environmental conditions
- Coverage
- Coverage An area that paint can be applied per unit volume based on dry film
- Cracking
- Cracking A phenomenon in which a coating film cracks deeply on a substrate surface
- Cratering
- Cratering A phenomenon in which a small crater-shaped depression is formed in film
- Crawling
- Crawling A phenomenon in which a coating surface shrinks irregularly
- Crosslinking agent
- Crosslinking agent A substance that chemically reacts with molecular chains of a thermoplastic material to interconnect the molecular chains
- Crossspray
- Crossspray A spraying procedure, in which spraying is first applied vertically and then laterally
- Curing
- Curing The process of heating or chemically condensing or polymerizing a substance
- Curing agent
- Curing agent A substance that accelerates the curing of film
D.
- Deadman Valve
- Deadman Valve Locking the valve of blast nozzle by a remote controller
- Degreaser
- Degreaser A chemical solution or compound that is able to remove grease
- Delamination
- Delamination Separating layers of overlapping objects
- Descaling(scaling)
- Descaling (scaling) A method of removing mill scale or rust on a steel surface with a mechanical method or flame treatment
- Dew pont
- Dew point The temperature at which moisture condenses
- Diulent
- Diluent A volatile liquid or thinner that is not a solvent used for nonvolatile components of a varnish or lacquer and virtually has no effect, and is used with true solvents.
- Drier
- Drier A chemical that oxidizes paint or promotes drying
- Dry spray
- Dry spray Overlapping coating of partially dried spray particles before paint is coated on a surface
- Drying time
- Drying time The time to complete drying after coating
- Dry to handle
- Dry to handle The time until a coated surface can be handled without any damage after coating
- Dry to recoat
- Dry to recoat The drying time until a second coating is possible after a first coating
- Dry to touch
- Dry to touch The drying time until tack-free after coating
- Drying oil
- Drying oil Oil that has a property of forming a relatively hard film by oxidation when the thin film of oil is exposed to air (vegetable oil such as linseed oil or tung oil)
- Dulling
- Dulling Loss of gloss
- Durability
- Durability The degree to which a coating film can withstand a given condition
E.
- Efflorescence
- Efflorescence A soluble, basic compound that is used on bricks or concrete surfaces
- Electrolysis
- Electrolysis The method of decomposition by electric discharge
- Eletrolyte
- Electrolyte A substance that changes into ions when it is dissolved and charged with electricity
- Electrostatic spray
- Electrostatic spray A method of coating by generating static electricity between a surface to be coated and sprayed paint
- Emulsion paint
- Emulsion paint A water-based paint made of emulsion sealant
- Enamel
- Enamel A hard, glossy paint with pigment added to the varnish
- Epoxy paint
- Epoxy paint A paint composed of epoxy resin, which is classified as follows according to the factor that forms the crosslinking. Namely, epoxy/amine epoxy/polyamide epoxy/isocyanate. Here, polyamine, polyamide, isocyanate, etc. are typical crosslinking factors
- Epoxy resin
- Epoxy resin A synthetic resin with an epoxy group
- Epoxy ester
- Epoxy ester Epoxy-modified dry oil
- Erosion
- Erosion A phenomenon in which a coating film of paint is worn. Chalking appears if it is severe__
- Ester
- Ester A reactant between alcohol and acid
- Etch
- Etch A method of surface treatment by a chemical method before coating to increase adhesion
- Etch primer
- Etch primer A polyvinyl butyral, zinc chromate paint, which is called a wash primer and uses acid as a catalyst
- Extender
- Extender Body pigment, A powdery inorganic material with almost no hiding power due to a low refractive index
- External mix
- External mix A spray used by mixing paint and outside air
- Elastomer
- Elastomer A polymer having rubber phase properties
F.
- Fadeometer
- Fadeometer A machine for testing the resistance of colors
- Fading
- Fading Decrease in color brightness (decoloration)
- False body
- False body Having thixotropic properties
- Fan pattern
- Fan pattern A geometric pattern of a spray method
- Feather edge
- Feather edge A thin end
- Filiform corrosion
- Filiform corrosion Corrosion of a steel plate in a thread shape under a coating film
- Filler
- Filler A material to be filled in cracks to smoothen a surface
- Film build
- Film build Dry film thickness that can be applied in one coat
- Film former
- Film former A substance that is formed after drying following coating in a fluid state
- Film integrity
- Film integrity Continuous state of coating film
- Film thickness gauge
- Film thickness gauge A device for measuring the film thickness of paint and a machine for measuring the dry film and wet film
- Fineness of grind
- Fineness of grind Particle size or roughness during coating The degree of dispersion of pigment ina binder
- Fingering
- Fingering Improper coating shape (broken finger shape)
- Flaking
- Flaking Breaking into small pieces or debris
- Flammability
- Flammability A condition in which fire may easily occur
- Flash point
- Flash point The lowest temperature at which solvent vapors will ignite in air
- Floating
- Floating A phenomenon in which pigment rises on a surface of a coating film
- Flooding Floating
- Flooding Refer to floating
- Flow
- Flow The state of spreading on a surface of a wet film after spraying so that the brush marks or the surface condition after drying can be consistent
- Flow cup
- Flow cup A tool for measuring the viscosity of paint or varnish
- Fluid tip
- Fluid tip A nozzle of a spray gun with a needle-hole size
- Fogging
- Fogging A cloudy condition such as fog
- Force drying
- Force drying A method of increasing the temperature to accelerate drying
- Fungicide
- Fungicide A toxic substance that prevents bacteria It suppresses or prevents the growth of bacteri
G.
- Galvanic corrosion
- Galvanic corrosion Electrical corrosion different from steel corrosion
- Generic
- Generic A collection of any special objects
- Gloss
- Gloss Luster, reflectance, brightness
- Gloss retention
- Gloss retention The ability to maintain the initial gloss
- Grit
- Grit An abrasive made of iron slag (threads) or other materials
- Grit Blasting Blasting clearing
- Grit Blasting Refer to blasting clearing
H.
- Hardener
- Hardener A curing agent, accelerator, catalyst, or crosslinking accelerator
- Hiding power
- Hiding power Obliterating power
- High build
- High build A paint that can be applied thickly in one coat
- Holiday
- Holiday Pinholes, cracks
- Holiday detector
- Holiday detector A pinhole inhibitor
- Hydrophilic
- Hydrophilic A property in which a substance can easily be mixed with or dissolved in water
- Hydroxyl
- Hydroxyl A compound having a -OH group
I.
- Impact resistance
- Impact resistance Power resistant to impact. Impact resistance
- Imcompatibility
- Imcompatibility A property in which substances are not mixed with each other
- Inhibitive pigment
- Inhibitive pigment A pigment that prevents or inhibits corrosion
- Inorganic
- Inorganic Compounds not containing carbon
- Intercoat coatings
- Intercoat coatings Paint with a vehicle made of inorganic compounds and a coating method
- Intercoat contamination
- Intercoat contamination The presence of impurities in continuous coating
- Internal mix
- Internal mix A spray gun that sprays paint after premixing the paint and inside air
- Intumesce
- Intumesce Swelling phenomenon during combustion Bubbling or swelling when heat is applied.
- Isocyante resins
- Isocyante resins A compound having an NCO group such as a polyurethane resin
K.
- KTA panel
- KTA panel A special test board having patterns with a very uniform interval or marks
- Ketons
- Ketons Organic solvent with a -CO group Commonly used ketones are acetone dimethyl ketone, MEK (Methylethyl ketone), and MIBK (Methyl isobutyl ketone).
- Kreb units
- Kreb units Unit of viscosity
L.
- Lacquer
- Lacquer A paint made of nitrocellulose, which dries fast and has low non-volatility, in general
- Latex
- Latex Natural or synthetic rubber emulsions or synthetic resin emulsions
- Leaching
- Leaching The process of filtering a mixture with a solvent to extract the dissolved matter from the mixture with impurities
- Leafing
- Leafing The position of pigment particles based on the horizontal plane of a film
M.
- Mendrel Test
- Mendrel Test A physical method to test adhesion and bendability
- Micron
- Micron 1/1000mm
- Mil
- Mil 1/1000inch：25.4microns
- Milscale
- Milscale Oxidation compromised of a black film that occurs during the process of heating steel
- Mineral spirits
- Mineral spirits Hydrocarbons in fat, which are extracted from petroleum
- Miscible
- Miscible Easy to mix and combine
- Mist coat
- Mist coat A method of coating very thinly
- Monomer
- Monomer A unit molecule for making a polymer
- Mud-cracking
- Mud-cracking An irregularly cracked state
N.
- Non-drying oil
- Non-drying oil Oil that is not oxidized when exposed to air It does not affect film formation.
- Nonflammable
- Nonflammable Incombustible
- Nonvolatile
- Nonvolatile Liquids remaining after solvent evaporation in solids, nonvolatile components, and paint
O.
- Oil length
- Oil length Modified alkyd resin The ratio of oil to resin such as varnish
- Oleo-resinous
- Oleo-resinous A varnish made of dry vegetable oil with a natural or synthetic resin
- Opacity(hiding power)
- Opacity (hiding power) Performance of one coat of paint, which can hide the color of the surface to be coated
- Orange peel
- Orange peel A phenomenon in which a dry film surface resembles an orange peel
- Organic compound
- Organic compound A compound containing carbon
- Osmosis
- Osmosis Osmotic pressure, A liquid moving to a coating film of paint or other materials
- Oxidation
- Oxidation Combining with oxygen Namely, drying or combustion, anti-rust, e
P.
- Pass(spray)
- Pass (spray) Spaying in one direction with a spray gun
- Passivation
- Passivation Inert or non-reactive action
- Peeling
- Peeling A phenomenon in which paint is peeled and falls off
- Phenolic resins
- Phenolic resins Synthetic resin made by reacting phenol compounds (phenol, cresol, xylene, resorcinol) with formaldehyde It may be used for paint and varnish by transforming into rosin, rosin base ester-drying oil, etc.
- PH value
- PH value The value that specifies acidity and alkalinity. PH 7 is neutral, PH 1 to 7 are acidic, and PH 7 to 14 are alkaline.
- Phosphating
- Phosphating Zinc, Surface treatment to form an iron or manganese film
- Pickling
- Pickling Surface treatment by immersing a steel plate using acid
- Pigment/binder ratio
- Pigment/binder ratio The ratio of the total pigment to binder in paint It is represented as a normal volume ratio.
- Pigments
- Pigments Solids that can reflect color Pigment
- Pigment volume concetration(PVC)
- Pigment volume Concentration (PVC) The ratio of pigment in dry film presented as a percentage by volume
- Pin-holing
- Pin-holing The shape of a small hole in film that appears deep into a surface Refer to cratering
- Plasticizer
- Plasticizer A substance added to resin for good bending resistance Plasticizer
- Polymer
- Polymer A vinyl resin with one or more molecules bonded is a typical polymer.
- Polyvinyl acetate(PVA)
- Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) Synthetic resin used for water-based paints. It is made by the polymerization of vinyl acetate.
- Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Synthetic resin used for solvent-based paint It is produced by the polymerization of vinyl chloride. It is also used in water-based emulsion.
- Polyurethane resin
- Polyurethane resin A synthetic resin made by reacting polyisocyanate with a polymer containing a hydroxyl group Usually, this resin is 2K and is used by mixing right before use.
- Porosity
- Porosity Steam transfer ability
- Pot-life
- Pot-life Usable time after mixing 2K paint
- Prefabrication primer
- Prefabrication primer Shop primer A quick-drying paint that is thinly coated to protect a steel surface after surface treatment, such as by blasting, before or during the manufacture of any structure or object
- Profile
- Profile Side view
R.
- Reflectance
- Reflectance Light reflectance
- Resin
- Resin Natural or artificial synthetic resin forming coating contained in paint, varnish, lacquer, etc.
- Roller
- Roller A tool used for coating
S.
- Sagging
- Sagging When paint is applied and left vertically, the paint flows down, and the bottom part becomes thick
- Safomify
- Safomify Saponification Alkalizing an ester compound
- Sealer
- Sealer A transparent or colored material that is applied on absorbent surfaces before coating
- Settling
- Settling Sedimentation
- Shade
- Shade The degree to which gray color appears
- Shelf life
- Shelf life The maximum storage time for storing a material without any problem__
- Shot blasting
- Shot blasting Refer to blast cleaning
- Skinning
- Skinning A solid film or film formed on the upper surface of liquid
- Solids
- Solids Nonvolatile matter in paint
- Solids volume
- Solids volume A percentage by volume of nonvolatile matter in paint
- Solvent
- Solvent A liquid capable of dissolving other substances
- Spray cap
- Spray cap A plug in front of a spray gun with an air vent
- Spray head
- Spray head A word collectively referred to as a needle, tip and air cap of a spray gun
- Spray pattern
- Spray pattern The manner of spraying A constant rate of spray gun, etc.
- Spreading rate
- Spreading rate The application amount calculated based on a dry film thickness
- Substrate
- Substrate A surface of an object to be coated
- Synthetic
- Synthetic Artificial, not natural
T.
- Tack
- Tack The degree of stickiness when pressed with a finger
- Thermoplastic
- Thermoplastic A property in which a heated material becomes liquid after softening and hardened after cooling
- Thinners
- Thinners Volatile liquids used to lower the viscosity of paint
- Thixotropics
- Thixotropics When a material is stirred or shaken, the viscosity decreases, and it becomes fluid while it is left, it returns to its original state
- Toluene
- Toluene Organic hydrocarbon solvent commonly referred to as toluol
- Tooth
- Tooth The roughness of a surface viewed from the side
- Two component gun
- Two component gun A spray gun with two separate nozzles used for 2K paint
- Two pack
- Two pack 2K paint It must be mixed at the proper ratio right before use. The mixture should be used within the specified pot life.
U.
- Underatomized
- Underatomized Poor particle size due to insufficient dispersion
- Underbound
- Underbound Too much pigment mixed in varnish
- Undercoat
- Undercoat A paint that is applied after undercoating. Namely, paint that is applied after a primer or before a top coat
V.
- Varnish
- Varnish A binder: film forming agent
- Vehicle
- Vehicle The remaining liquid component excluding the pigment component in paint
- Vinyl copolymer
- Vinyl copolymer A copolymer resin made by the copolymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride
- Vinyl resin
- Vinyl resin A plastic synthetic resin obtained by polymerizing monomers containing a vinyl group
- Viscosity
- Viscosity A measurement unit of a fluid state
- Viscosity Cup
- Viscosity Cup A device to measure the viscosity
- Voids
- Voids Holes
- Volatile content
- Volatile content The percentage of the amount of material that can evaporate
- Volume solids
- Volume solids The percentage of solid volume in paint
- Volume solids
- Volume solids The percentage of solid volume in paint
W.
- Wash primer
- Wash primer Polyvinyl butyrate An anti-corrosive paint that is made by using chromate pigment to a binder and is applied very thinly It is known as an etch primer.
- Water blasting
- Water blasting A method of surface treatment by spraying water at high speed
- Water Spotting
- Water Spotting A groove that is generated by small water droplets
- Weatherometer
- Weatherometer An accelerated weather resistance test device
- Weld slag
- Weld slag Non-crystalline residue generated during welding
- Weld spatter
- Weld spatter Bead-like metal attached to a welded part after welding
- Wetonwet
- Wetonwet A coating technique with which paint can be applied subsequently before the previous paint is dried A special design is required.
- Wet spray
- Wet spray Coating a surface before paint coated on the surface dries
X.
- Xylene
- Xylene An organic hydrocarbon solvent called Xylol
Z.
- Zinc rich primer
- Zinc rich primer A primer that is coated on a steel surface to prevent electrical corrosion since dry film contains a lot of zinc dust. Here, zinc plays a role of cathodic protection in which zinc is corroded before the steel surface does.
- Zinc silicate
- Zinc silicate An inorganic zinc paint
- Zinc Yellow
- Zinc Yellow Zinc Chromate